What consequences do you think France’s reduction in international aid will have?

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General methodology

Development Engagement Lab surveys conducted in 2023 and 2025. Weighted data – Margin of error: ± 2%. More information on the methodology at Focus2030.org – Source: www.devcommslab.org

Wave 5 panel (September-October 2023):

• France: Survey conducted from September 15 to October 23, 2023, among 6,028 adults.
• United Kingdom: Survey conducted from September 15 to October 18, 2023, among 8,018 adults.
• Germany: Survey conducted from September 19 to October 23, 2023, among 6,050 adults.
• United States: Survey conducted from September 15 to October 16, 2023, among 6,095 adults.

Wave 6 Panel (September-November 2024):

• France: Survey conducted from September 26 to October 29, 2024, among 6,010 adults.
• United Kingdom: Survey conducted from October 11 to November 6, 2024, among 8,090 adults.
• Germany: Survey conducted from October 3 to 30, 2024, among 6,048 adults.
• United States: Survey conducted from October 1 to 30, 2024, among 6,032 adults.

Wave 7 Panel (October-December 2025) :

• France: Survey conducted from October 30 to December 8, 2025, among 6,075 adults.
• United Kingdom: Survey conducted from October 30 to November 19, 2025, among 8,243 adults.
• Germany: Survey conducted from October 30 to December 1, 2025, among 6,093 adults.
• United States: Survey conducted from November 4 to December 4, 2025, among 6,001 adults.

Segmentation according to political orientation and voting in national elections

In the four countries surveyed, respondents were all asked to indicate their political orientation by sliding a cursor on a scale ranging from the “far left” to the “far right.”

France

• Breakdown based on the first round of the presidential election, taking into account the three candidates who received the highest number of votes:
  • Mélenchon (Jean Luc): left-wing – radical left-wing
  • Macron (Emmanuel): center-left – center – center-right
  • Le Pen (Marine): far right

Germany

• Distribution according to votes cast in federal elections, based on the three candidates/parties with the highest scores:
  • SPD: left-wing – social democrat/center-left
  • CDU/CSU: center-right – right-wing
  • AFD: far right

United Kingdom

• Breakdown based on votes in general elections, taking into account the three parties with the highest scores:
  • Labour: radical left – left
  • Lib Dems: liberals (social democrats-center/center-right)
  • Conservatives: right

United States

• Distribution according to the presidential election vote, selecting the two leading candidates:
  • Clinton (Hillary) or Biden (Joe): Democratic Party (left-center)
  • Trump (Donald): Republican Party (right-far right)

For more details on the methodology of the Development Engagement Lab (DEL) research project, see HERE

Information on the methodology of the Development Engagement Lab (DEL) research project

The Development Engagement Lab (DEL) quantitative research project

Designed as the second phase of the previous survey, Aid Attitudes Tracker (AAT, 2013-18), the Development Engagement Lab (DEL, 2019-2023) is a research project that aims to measure and analyze how and why citizens engage with development issues around the world. By “development,” refers not only to the development of poor countries, but also to the Sustainable Development Goals.

DEL will run for five years, from 2019 to 2023, and is based on mainly quantitative survey data on the opinions, feelings, values, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the public in four countries: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

DEL is used to inform the communication and influence strategies of development actors (development NGOs, foundations, think tanks, ministries, and public institutions, etc.), by providing a better understanding of citizens.

In France, DEL is supported by Focus 2030, which is responsible for co-developing the content of the various phases of the survey, then analyzing and disseminating the data collected as part of the study. This may include data concerning France, but also comparative analyses with the three other countries (the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States) covered by DEL.

DEL is led by Professor Jennifer Hudson of University College London and Professor David Hudson of the University of Birmingham. This project, led by UCL and Birmingham University, is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

The DEL project is based on three different types of survey:

• The Tracker: to measure changes in responses in the four DEL countries (France, United Kingdom, Germany, United States). Ten identical questions are asked three times a year for five years to a sample of approximately 1,000 respondents, and once a year to a sample of approximately 6,000 respondents.
• The Sandbox: to measure opinions on topics specific to each of the four countries covered by DEL (in this case, France). Thirty questions, which are renewed with each survey, are asked twice a year to a sample of approximately 2,000 respondents.
• The Panel: to measure opinions on topics common to the four DEL countries (France, United Kingdom, Germany, United States). 60 questions, renewed for each panel, are asked once a year to a sample of approximately 6,000 respondents (8,000 for the United Kingdom).

YouGov: the polling institute responsible for the AAT and DEL surveys

The two surveys, Aid Attitudes Tracker (AAT, 2013-18) and Development Engagement Lab (DEL, 2019-2023), are conducted by the polling institute YouGov in the four countries covered by the study: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

YouGov is a market research firm founded in 2000 in the United Kingdom, with 31 offices in 21 countries, including France since November 2011. YouGov has a panel of 5 million people across 28 countries, of all ages, genders, and socioeconomic groups. This panel makes it possible to build representative samples of national populations. In France, the YouGov panel includes nearly 175,000 people.

Survey Method

YouGov conducts its online surveys using a system called “active sampling” for the vast majority of its activities, including all national and regional research activities. The focus is always on sample quality rather than the number of respondents.

When using “active sampling,” restrictions are put in place to ensure that only those who are contacted are allowed to participate. This means that all individuals who respond to YouGov surveys are selected by YouGov from its panel of registered respondents, and only those selected from this panel are allowed to participate in the survey.

To represent the French population using the quota method, YouGov relies on socio-demographic data collected and published by INSEE.

The sample used in each wave of the survey takes into account the following socio-demographic categories:

• age
• gender
• region of residence
• annual income level
• level of education

Panel members are recruited from various sources, including traditional advertising and strategic partnerships organized across a wide range of websites.

Who are the respondents who participate in YouGov surveys?

When a new respondent is recruited to the panel, a range of socio-demographic information is recorded from a survey. Respondents recruited to a panel are given a username and password; they can only respond to each online survey once.

(More details on the socio-demographic profiles of respondents are provided below.)

Data analysis

Once the survey is complete, the final data is then statistically weighted according to the national profile of all adults aged 18 and over (including those without internet access). Weighting is carried out by age, gender, social class, region, level of education, respondents’ votes in previous elections, and political orientation.

Active sampling ensures that the right respondents are represented in the right proportions. Combined with statistical weighting, this sampling guarantees results that are representative of the entire population of the country in question (including those without internet access).

Presentation of results

The results are presented as a percentage of responses calculated in relation to the representative sample of the adult population in each of the four countries in which the DEL surveys are conducted.

For questions with a response scale of 0 to 10, responses are presented using the following grouping: sum of 0 to 3 – sum of 4 to 6 – sum of 7 to 10.

Remuneration for online surveys

By responding to surveys on YouGov, users earn “YouGov points.” Depending on the size of the survey, participating in 10 or 15 different surveys earns approximately 400 points. 5,000 points are worth approximately €56 (£50). You must reach a minimum of 5,000 points before you can expect to receive any remuneration.

Margin of error

The margin of error used for DEL surveys (between 2,000 and 6,000 respondents) is ± 2%.

To contact DEL

Write to [email protected]